- 第一个:实现一个容器,提供两个方法,add,size。写两个线程,线程1添加10个元素到容器中,线程2实现监控元素的个数,当个数到5个时,线程2给出提示并结束
- 第二个:写一个固定容量同步容器,拥有put和get方法,以及getCount方法,能够支持2个生产者线程以及10个消费者线程的阻塞调用
第一题
实现一个容器,提供两个方法,add,size。写两个线程,线程1添加10个元素到容器中,
线程2实现监控元素的个数,当个数到5个时,线程2给出提示并结束
解法一 WithoutVolatile(x)
lists没有使用volatile,所以线程之间不能获取lists的变化
而且ArrayList不是线程安全的,可能一个线程在add的同时,size还没有增加,另一个线程就来获取size,最终得到的是没有增加的size
public class T01_WithoutVolatile {
List lists = new ArrayList();
public void add(Object o) {
lists.add(o);
}
public int size() {
return lists.size();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
T01_WithoutVolatile c = new T01_WithoutVolatile();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
c.add(new Object());
System.out.println("add " + i);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "t1").start();
new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
if (c.size() == 5) {
break;
}
}
System.out.println("t2 结束");
}, "t2").start();
}
}
解法二 WithVolatile
解法一的改进,lists添加volatile,使t2能够得到通知
Collections.synchronizedList线程安全
但是,t2线程的死循环很浪费cpu; 以及,若t1没有暂停,t2线程来不及启动,t1线程就执行下去了
public class T02_WithVolatile {
//添加volatile,使t2能够得到通知
//volatile List lists = new LinkedList();
//Collections.synchronizedList线程安全
volatile List lists = Collections.synchronizedList(new LinkedList<>());
public void add(Object o) {
lists.add(o);
}
public int size() {
return lists.size();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
T02_WithVolatile c = new T02_WithVolatile();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
c.add(new Object());
System.out.println("add " + i);
//若没有暂停,t2线程来不及启动,t1线程就执行下去了
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "t1").start();
new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
if (c.size() == 5) {
break;
}
}
System.out.println("t2 结束");
}, "t2").start();
}
}
解法三 wait和notify
这里使用wait和notify做到,wait会释放锁,而notify不会释放锁。
需要注意的是,运用这种方法,必须要保证t2先执行,也就是首先让t2监听才可以。
notify之后,t1必须释放锁,t2退出后,也必须notify,通知t1继续执行,整个通信过程比较繁琐
public class T04_NotifyFreeLock {
volatile List lists = new ArrayList();
public void add(Object o) {
lists.add(o);
}
public int size() {
return lists.size();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
T04_NotifyFreeLock c = new T04_NotifyFreeLock();
final Object lock = new Object();
new Thread(() -> {
synchronized (lock) {
System.out.println("t2启动");
if (c.size() != 5) {
try {
lock.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("t2 结束");
//通知t1继续执行
lock.notify();
}
}, "t2").start();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("t1启动");
synchronized (lock) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
c.add(new Object());
System.out.println("add " + i);
if (c.size() == 5) {
lock.notify();
//释放锁,让t2得以执行
try {
lock.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}, "t1").start();
}
}
解法四 CountDownLatch
使用Latch(门闩)替代wait notify来进行通知
好处是通信方式简单,同时也可以指定等待时间
使用await和countdown方法替代wait和notify
CountDownLatch不涉及锁定,当count的值为零时当前线程继续运行
当不涉及同步,只是涉及线程通信的时候,用synchronized + wait/notify就显得太重了
这时应该考虑countdownlatch/cyclicbarrier/semaphore
public class T05_CountDownLatch {
volatile List lists = new ArrayList();
public void add(Object o) {
lists.add(o);
}
public int size() {
return lists.size();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
T05_CountDownLatch c = new T05_CountDownLatch();
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("t2启动");
if (c.size() != 5) {
try {
latch.await();
//也可以指定等待时间
//latch.await(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("t2 结束");
}, "t2").start();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("t1启动");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
c.add(new Object());
System.out.println("add " + i);
if (c.size() == 5) {
// 打开门闩,让t2得以执行
latch.countDown();
}
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "t1").start();
}
}
解法五 一个LockSupport
t2先阻塞,t1执行到5时再唤醒
有一个瑕疵是t1执行完需要暂停,防止t1线程执行太快,使t2线程执行在t1后
public class T06_LockSupport {
volatile List lists = new ArrayList();
public void add(Object o) {
lists.add(o);
}
public int size() {
return lists.size();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
T06_LockSupport c = new T06_LockSupport();
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("t2启动");
if (c.size() != 5) {
LockSupport.park();
}
System.out.println("t2 结束");
}, "t2");
t2.start();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("t1启动");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
c.add(new Object());
System.out.println("add " + i);
if (c.size() == 5) {
LockSupport.unpark(t2);
}
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "t1").start();
}
}
解法六 两个LockSupport
解法五的改进,t1执行后不需要暂停
public class T07_LockSupport_WithoutSleep {
volatile List lists = new ArrayList();
public void add(Object o) {
lists.add(o);
}
public int size() {
return lists.size();
}
static Thread t1 = null, t2 = null;
public static void main(String[] args) {
T07_LockSupport_WithoutSleep c = new T07_LockSupport_WithoutSleep();
t1 = new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("t1启动");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
c.add(new Object());
System.out.println("add " + i);
if (c.size() == 5) {
LockSupport.unpark(t2);
LockSupport.park();
}
}
}, "t1");
t2 = new Thread(() -> {
LockSupport.park();
System.out.println("t2 结束");
LockSupport.unpark(t1);
}, "t2");
t2.start();
t1.start();
}
}
解法七 Semaphore
public class T08_Semaphore {
volatile List lists = new ArrayList();
public void add(Object o) {
lists.add(o);
}
public int size() {
return lists.size();
}
static Thread t1 = null, t2 = null;
public static void main(String[] args) {
T08_Semaphore c = new T08_Semaphore();
Semaphore s = new Semaphore(1);
t1 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
s.acquire();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
c.add(new Object());
System.out.println("add " + i);
}
s.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
t2.start();
t2.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
s.acquire();
for (int i = 5; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}
s.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}, "t1");
t2 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
s.acquire();
System.out.println("t2 结束");
s.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}, "t2");
t1.start();
}
}
第二题
写一个固定容量同步容器,拥有put和get方法,以及getCount方法,
能够支持2个生产者线程以及10个消费者线程的阻塞调用
解法一 使用wait和notify/notifyAll来实现
public class MyContainer1<T> {
final private LinkedList<T> lists = new LinkedList<>();
final private int MAX = 10; //最多10个元素
private int count = 0;
public synchronized void put(T t) {
while (lists.size() == MAX) { //想想为什么用while而不是用if?
try {
this.wait(); //effective java
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
lists.add(t);
++count;
this.notifyAll(); //通知消费者线程进行消费
}
public synchronized T get() {
T t = null;
while (lists.size() == 0) {
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
t = lists.removeFirst();
count--;
this.notifyAll(); //通知生产者进行生产
return t;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyContainer1<String> c = new MyContainer1<>();
//启动消费者线程
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
new Thread(() -> {
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) System.out.println(c.get());
}, "c" + i).start();
}
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//启动生产者线程
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
new Thread(() -> {
for (int j = 0; j < 25; j++) c.put(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + j);
}, "p" + i).start();
}
}
}
-
在count--后,**this.notifyAll()**的作用是处理这样一种情况:如果容器满了,此时生产者线程被阻塞,这是消费者线程消费了元素后,注意要唤醒生产者线程,如果没有这一步,那么只有消费者线程执行,消费者线程都执行完或者执行到容量为空时,此时会出现生成者线程一直被阻塞等待锁的情况,此时程序将停留在这里。
-
注意这里的while(lists.size()==0)不能换成if(lists.size())==0,分析:考虑这样一种情况,容器为空,消费线程t1和t2调用wait()方法进入阻塞,此时生产线程t3生产了一个元素后,唤醒所有的线程后,此时线程t1从this.wait()后面直接执行,消费一个元素后,线程t2从this.wait()后的代码直接执行,并不会判断,此时容器已经为空,但它依旧取出一个元素,导致了报错。
-
this.notifyAll()不能换成this.notify(),因为如果换成this.notify()函数,此时只唤醒一个线程,假设这样一种状态,消费者线程消费了最后一个元素后,容器为空,此时消费者线程本打算唤醒生产者线程,结果却唤醒了消费者线程,消费者线程在执行了while(lists.size()==0)中的this.wait()方法后进入阻塞状态,此时被唤醒的消费者线程也进入阻塞状态,程序死锁。
解法二 使用Lock和Condition来实现
Condition的方式可以更加精确的指定哪些线程被唤醒
public class MyContainer2<T> {
final private LinkedList<T> lists = new LinkedList<>();
final private int MAX = 10; //最多10个元素
private int count = 0;
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition producer = lock.newCondition();
private Condition consumer = lock.newCondition();
public void put(T t) {
try {
lock.lock();
while (lists.size() == MAX) { //想想为什么用while而不是用if?
producer.await();
}
lists.add(t);
++count;
consumer.signalAll(); //通知消费者线程进行消费
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public T get() {
T t = null;
try {
lock.lock();
while (lists.size() == 0) {
consumer.await();
}
t = lists.removeFirst();
count--;
producer.signalAll(); //通知生产者进行生产
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
return t;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyContainer2<String> c = new MyContainer2<>();
//启动消费者线程
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
new Thread(() -> {
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) System.out.println(c.get());
}, "c" + i).start();
}
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//启动生产者线程
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
new Thread(() -> {
for (int j = 0; j < 25; j++) c.put(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + j);
}, "p" + i).start();
}
}
}
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